In middle africa, cameroon reported influenza activity with. The virus was first detected in 1996 in geese in china. In contrast to the regular seasonal epidemics of influenza, these pandemics occur irregularly there have been five influenza. Influenza b virus is a main causative pathogen of annual influenza epidemics, however, research on influenza b virus in general lags behind that on influenza a viruses, one of the important reasons is studies. Virus influenza a dikelompokkan menurut dua protein yang terdapat pada virus. Influenza viruses antiviral therapy and resistance. This guidance is an update to an earlier document global surveillance during an influenza pandemic 1, published in april 2009 and it focuses on the different surveillance. Influenza virus detections of predominantly influenza ah3n2 and bvictoria lineage viruses were reported in ghana, influenza h3n2 and b viruses were reported in niger and togo. Flu a viruses circulate widely in nature and cause infections of humans, pigs, horses, bats, and other animals. A single gene determines the host range of influenza virus. Guidance on preparingworkplaces foran influenzapandemic.
It was caused by an h1n1 virus with genes of avian origin. Highly pathogenic asian avian influenza ah5n1 virus. Influenza wikipedia bahasa indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas. The section will also welcome the case reports of influenza outbreaks in both. The united states is not currently experiencing an influenza pandemic. The textbook of influenza is a comprehensive resource covering all aspects of influenza, from the genetic and molecular biology of the virus through to clinical aspects of the disease and the latest drug developments and treatments. Other species including horses and dogs also hav e their own varieties of influenza viruses. Virus influenza penegur anthroposentrisme manusia muhammad luthfi. Virus adalah mikroorganisme patogen yang menginfeksi sel makhluk hidup. Summary of status of development and availability of ah7 candidate vaccine viruses pdf, 7kb 5 march 2018.
Summary of status of development and availability of ah7 candidate vaccine viruses pdf, 152kb 28 september 2017. Influenza virus particles are constantly circulating in the air airborne in different forms within dust particles or aerosol droplets 5, 6. Semua virus influenza a mengandung hemaglutinin dan neuraminidase yang disebabkan oleh mutasi genetik yang cocok dengan genom virus tersebut virus ini diberikan satu nomor h dan satu nomor n berdasarkan bentuk dua protein tersebut. Download this pdf file indonesian journal of clinical pathology and. Nac was shown to block or reduce cytopathic effects in influenza infected macrophages, to reduce dna fragmentation in equine influenza infected canine kidney cells, and to reduce rantes production in cultured airway cells in response to influenza virus by 18%. Virus dengan isi tubuh berupa rna biasanya berbentuk menyerupai kubus, bulat, atau polihedral, contohnya pada virus virus penyebab penyakit polyomyelitis, virus influenza, dan virus radang mulut dan kuku.
Influenza the u inuenza is a contagious disease caused by a group of respiratory viruses called inuenza viruses. Virus hanya dapat bereplikasi di dalam sel makhluk hidup karena virus tidak memiliki perlengkapan seluler untuk bereproduksi sendiri. Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is an infectious disease caused by an influenza virus. Human infections with novel influenza a viruses that can be transmitted from person to person may signal the beginning of an influenza pandemic. Influenza, or flu, is a respiratory infection caused by a variety of influenza viruses. Semua bentuk kehidupan dapat diinfeksi oleh virus, mulai dari hewan, tumbuhan, hingga bakteri dan arkea.
In the united states, it was first identified in military personnel in spring 1918. Cote divoire reported predominantly influenza ah1n1pdm09 followed by bvictoria virus detections. The compound has been proposed for treatment of influenza. Influenza diagnosis clinical and epidemiological characteristics increase of febrile respiratory illness lab isolation of influenza virus from clinical specimen e.
Influenza b virus is the only species in the genus betainfluenzavirus in the virus family orthomyxoviridae influenza b virus is only known to infect humans and seals with influenza. This research aimed to apply the inactivation process of the influenza virus through gamma radiation as a candidate for the development of wholeinactivated vaccines. There are many flu viruses, and they are always changing. For more information, refer to the quarterly influenza virus vaccine code update january. Low pathogenic avian influenza virus h5 and h7 strains have the potential to mutate into highly pathogenic avian influenza and are, therefore, closely monitored. The virus is found in droplets from the throat and nose. The 1918 influenza pandemic was the most severe pandemic in recent history. H1n1 virus is an influenza virus family orthomyxoviridae, which clinical symptoms consist of. These symptoms typically begin two days after exposure to the virus and most last less than a week. The genes of influenza virus peter palese mount sinai school of medicine of cuny new york, new york 10029 in 1931 influenza viruses were first isolated from pigs shope, 1931, and subsequently the first hu man influenza virus isolates were obtained smith, andrewes, and laidlaw, 1933. Virulensi virus influenza pada unggas, hewan mamalia dan manusia ditentukan. Method for assigning temperaturesensitive mutations of influenza viruses to individual segments of the genome. Influenza viruses a, b, c, and d represent the four antigenic types of influenza viruses.
The tree shrew is a promising model for the study of influenza b virus infection. Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses pdf. Summary of status of development and availability of ah7 candidate vaccine viruses pdf, 4kb 29 february 2016. Influenza viruses cause seasonal influenza epidemics, mostly in the winter months in temperate climates and with less distinct seasonality in the tropics, with annual attack rates of 510% in adults and 2030% in children 1. Our results demonstrate that influenza b virus does not require na protein for its replication so long as sialidase activity is provided exogenously. Recommended composition of influenza virus vaccines for. Less often, a person might become infected with influenza by touching a surface or object contaminated with influenza virus and.
When someone coughs or sneezes, those droplets can be breathed in by people around them. It can cause mild to severe illness, hospitalization, and even death. Pdf antiviral activity of garlic extract on influenza virus. This work is licensed under a creative commons attribution. Virus influenza dapat diinaktivasi oleh sinar matahari, disinfektan, dan deterjen.
Terdapat 16 subjenis h dan 9 subjenis n diketahui dalam burung, tetapi hanya h 1, 2, dan 3, dan n 1 dan 2 biasa didapati dalam manusia. Influenza virus infectivity, pathogenicity, and transmissibility in humans ron a. The influenza viruses section of virology journal will publish articles on all aspects of influenza virus research, including molecular genetics, molecular biology, biochemistry, biophysics, structural biology, cell biology, immunology, morphology, and pathogenesis. Of the four antigenic types, influenza a virus is the most severe, influenza b virus is less severe but can still cause outbreaks, and influenza c virus is usually only associated with minor symptoms.
Influenza menginfeksi banyak spesies binatang, dan transfer galur virus antarspesies dapat terjadi. Influenza a viruses can be broken down into subtypes depending on the genes that make up the surface proteins. The adamantane derivates rimantadine and amantadine and the neuraminidase inhibitors zanamivir and oseltamivir are the only antiviral drugs currently approved in europe for therapy and prophylaxis of influenza infections. Influenza b virus requires bm2 protein for replication. Ambient influenza and avian influenza virus during dust. Highly pathogenic avian influenza spreads rapidly and has a high death rate in birds. Humans can also be infected with influenza viruses that are routinely circulating in animal s, such as avian influenza virus subtypes ah5n1 and ah9n2 and swine influenza virus subtypes ah1n1 and h3n2. Cea mitigating the impact of pandemic influenza through vaccine innovation. Even when the vaccine doesnt exactly match these viruses, it may still provide some protection. Such genetic reassortment can create a new virus that combines human and animal influenza properties. Influenza virology and animal transmission studies antigenic and genetic characteristics of swineorigin 2009 ah1n1 influenza viruses circulating in humans pdf icon 327 mb, 7 pages external icon. Effective on or after the january 2018 release of the new influenza virus vaccine, use. Influenza pneumonia incidence was high in 2005, a year when influenza ah3n2 subtype virus strains predominated, low in 2006 when ah1n1 viruses were more common, moderate in. Asian highly pathogenic avian influenza hpai ah5n1 virus occurs mainly in birds and is highly contagious among them.
An influenza pandemic is an epidemic of an influenza virus that spreads on a worldwide scale and infects a large proportion of the world population. The latter are composed of key genes from the 1918 virus, updated by subsequentlyincorporated avian influenza genes that code for novel surface proteins, making the 1918 virus indeed the mother of all pandemics. Influenza virus detections in the who european region from the start of reporting for the 2019 20 season weeks 40. The influenza a and b viruses that routinely spread in people human influenza viruses are responsible for seasonal flu epidemics each year. Pada unggas domestik, infeksi virus flu burung menyebabkan dua bentuk penyakit yang disebut sebagai patogenik rendah low. Among influenza viruses, type a is considered the most dangerous to human health. Wabah infeksi kadangkadang terjadi dalam bentuk epidemi di seluruh dunia. Anyone can get flu and it strikes suddenly and can last several days.
The evolution of influenza viruses results in i recurrent annual epidemics of disease that are caused by progressive antigenic drift of influenza a and b viruses due to the mutability of the rna genome and ii infrequent but severe pandemics caused by the emergence of novel influenza a subtypes to which the population has little immunity. Mitigating the impact of pandemic influenza through. Influenza ah3n2 viruses circulated in higher proportions than ah1n1pdm09 viruses in. Although there is not universal consensus regarding where the virus originated, it spread worldwide during 19181919. Virus wikipedia bahasa indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas. Influenza virus aerosols in the air and their infectiousness.
Virus influenza a subjenis h1n1 wikipedia bahasa melayu. Influenza, influenzaassociated mortality, and novel. The virus can also spread when someone touches an object with the virus on it. Influenza b, one type of influenza virus, is dominating the 20192020 flu season early on. Pemvaksinan terhadap influenza bermula pada tahun 1930an dengan ketersediaan pada skala yang besar di amerika syarikat bermula pada tahun 1945. Tipe asam nukleat yang dimiliki virus akan mempengaruhi bentuk tubuh virus. Influenza disease alabama department of public health. This causes the new viruses to stick to the surface of your cell, so they cannot escape and. Effective for dates of service from august 1, 2017, through december 31, 2017, use code q2039. Jenisjenis virus influenza a diberikan satu nombor h dan satu nombor n berdasarkan bentuk apa bagi keduadua protein ini didapati. Vaksin influenza wikipedia bahasa melayu, ensiklopedia bebas. Most experts believe influenza viruses spread primarily by droplets made when infected people cough, sneeze, or talk.
However, the largest natural reservoir of influenza a viruses is wild aquatic birds, such as ducks. Influenza flu is a contagious respiratory illness caused by. Sharing of information and virus isolates at the global level will be of benefit to all. Istilah virus biasanya digunakan pada jenis virus yang menginfeksi selsel eukariota. Many studies have reported significant antiviral activity of some natural extracts, such as the antiviral activity of garlic extract and the fructan from welsh onion against influenza virus type a.
Influenza virus concentration 2, 3, air circulation time, air temperature, and humidity play an important role in overcoming the epidemic threshold. Influenza a viruses were predominant in most countries and accounted for 59% of all influenza viruses detected. Each year a new flu vaccine is made to protect against three or four viruses that are likely to cause disease in the upcoming flu season. To date, there is significant genetic diversity among circulating type a viruses in the european region for the 20192020 influenza season. Ia disediakan dalam bentuk suntikan ke dalam otot atau disembur ke dalam hidung. Virus characteristics since the beginning of the season, 247 influenza viruses have been characterised genetically table 1. Versi virus tidak aktif hendaklah digunakan untuk mereka yang hamil.
This limited host range is apparently responsible for the lack of associated influenza pandemics in contrast with those caused by the morphologically similar influenza a virus as both mutate by both antigenic. The inuenza virus is highly contagious and causes serious illness that may result in hospitalization or death. Enam belas bentuk hemagglutinin h dan sembilan bentuk neuraminidase n telah diidentifikasi. Groups at higher risk of severe illness include young. Globally, cocirculation of both ah1n1pdm09 and ah3n2 viruses was evident in most reporting countries, areas and territories. This new edition has been completely revised and reflects the integration of disciplines concerning the emergence, evolution, pathogenesis and control of influenza. Pdf inactivation of human influenza virus using gamma. Unggas diduga merupakan inang hewan utama dari virus influenza. The complete story of the discovery and reconstruction of the 1918 pandemic virus. If that person then uses their hands to touch their face, mouth, or eyes, the virus can make them sick. Animation of the mechanism of an influenza virus and how crucells antibodies target the ha1 proteins on the virus and prevent further spread of influenza. Influenza is a serious and frequently underestimated, but vaccine preventable disease. Asian h5n1 was first detected in humans in 1997 during a poultry outbreak in hong kong and has since been detected in poultry and wild birds in more than 50 countries. Asian h5n1 was first detected in humans in 1997 during a poultry outbreak in hong kong and has since been detected in poultry and wild birds in more than 50 countries in.
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